The cinema of Albania Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə/ al-BAY-nee-ə, Albanian: Shqipëri/Shqipëria, Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, pronounced [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs]), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo[a] to the northeast, had its start in the years 1911—1912.

Contents

Early years

The first public showings began in the cities of Shkodër Shkodër , is a city located on Lake Skadar in northwestern Albania in the District of Shkodër, of which it is the capital. It is one of the oldest and most historic towns in Albania, as well as an important cultural and economic centre. Shkodër's estimated population as of 2004[update] is 90,000; if the surrounding region is included the and Korçë; these showings were of foreign films. The first Albanian films were mostly documentaries Documentary film is a broad category of visual expressions that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to "document" reality. Although "documentary film" originally referred to movies shot on film stock, it has subsequently expanded to include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video or made, the first film being about the Manastir Congress that sanctioned the Albanian alphabet in 1908.

The Communist period

After World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland ·, the communist government A communist state is a sovereign state with a form of government characterized by single-party rule or dominant-party rule of a communist party and a professed allegiance to a communist ideology as the guiding principle of the state founded the Albanian Film Institute in 1945, which became Kinostudio Shqipëria e Re in 1952. This was followed by the first Albanian epic film, Skënderbeu, a cooperation with Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ artists chronicling the life and fight of Albanian national hero Skanderbeg. The film won an award from the Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Film Festival , founded in 1946, is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious film festivals. The private festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès, in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of France. Two other known films from the time are Fëmijët e saj (Her sons) and Tana. Tana is known as the first Albanian movie, and also as the first movie that has a kiss scene in the history of the Albanian movies.

In the 1960s, films concentrated mostly on the subject of the World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland · occupation of Albanian by Italian Italy (pronounced /ˈɪtəli/ ; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a country located partly on the European Continent and partly on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine and German A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state, armies and the fight for liberation. The movies had strong positive connotation towards the communist partisans In politics, partisan literally means organized into political parties. The expression "partisan politics" usually refers to fervent, sometimes militant, support of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea. Although this is typically an appellation with negative connotations, some supporters embrace the term, as can be seen by the names and bad connotation toward the forces of Balli Kombëtar, and they are viewed as state propaganda. Some of the directors of the time were Dhimitër Anagnosti, Viktor Gjika, Gëzim Erebara, and Piro Milkani.

In the 1970s, there was a drastic reduction in the number of imported movies as a result of the cultural and political isolationist campaign by the state. This resulted in an increase of production in movies to five or six a year early on and up to 8 or 10 a year by the end of the decade, peaking at 14 movies a year in the 1980s. The genre of movies was also diversified to include dramatic as well as family and children movies. Two the movies of the time were Beni ecën vetë, directed by Xhanfize Keko in 1975, and the comedy Kapedani, directed by Fehmi Hoshafi and Muharrem Fejzo in 1972. A new cadre of directors of the time was composed by Rikard Ljarja, Sajmir Kumbaro, Ibrahim Muçaj, Kristaq Mitro, and Esat Mysliu. This period also marked the start of artistic and made-for-TV movies such as Udha e shkronjave, a movie directed by V. Prifti in 1978.

Some Albanian movies made during the 1980s were Ballë për ballë; directed by Kujtim Çashku and Pirro Milkani in 1979; Dora e ngrohtë, directed by Kujtim Çashku in 1983; Agimet e stinës së madhe, directed by Albert Minga in 1981; Kohë e largët, directed by Spartak Pecani in 1983; and Tela për violinë, directed by Bujar Kapexhiu in 1987.

In the 1970s and 1980s, there were also 20—40 documentaries produced that dealt in cultural elements as well as propaganda. This period also saw the birth of animated films, with Zana dhe Miri by V. Droboniku and T. Vaso in 1975; animated films numbered around 16 a year.

These cinematic works were the result of a great cooperative effort by the Kinostudio, various directors, writers, composers, actors as well as influences by the state that formed an entire industry. By 1990, about 200 movies had been produced. By the end of the 1980s, Albania had over 450 theaters. However, most of the equipment was aging and disintegrating.

Postcommunist films

During the 1990s, the change of the communist form of government A communist state is a sovereign state with a form of government characterized by single-party rule or dominant-party rule of a communist party and a professed allegiance to a communist ideology as the guiding principle of the state to a more democratic one led to a big change in the Albanian cinema. The big conglomerate Kinostudio of old was broken up into several smaller studios, movies started to be produced in private studios by the old directors and even some foreign ones, but in conjunction with the new National Center of Cinematography (Qendra Kombëtare e Kinematografisë).

Although new movies are being produced, many Albanians have returned to watching and enjoying the old movies, now shown on the various private television stations. The old propagandistic elements are now more a source of comedy than hate, and the early style is much appreciated.

Some of the most acclaimed recent movies include Kolonel Bunker, Parullat (Slogans), Dasma e Sakos, Tirana Year Zero, and Porta Eva.

In the late 1990s, many new cinema theaters were built, especially in the bigger cities (such as "Millennium" in the capital city of Tirana Tirana is the capital and the largest city of Albania. Modern Tirana was founded in 1614 by Sulejman Pasha. Tirana became Albania's capital city in 1920) that mostly show western The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term that can have multiple meanings depending on its context (e.g., the time period, the region or social situation). Accordingly, the basic definition of what constitutes "the West" varies, expanding and contracting over time, in relation to various historical and more prominently American ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language movies.

Films

References

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External links

See also

Cinema of Albania

Films A-Z • Films by year: Pre 1960 • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990– Actors • Alba-Film Tirana • Directors • Cinematographers • Editors • Festivals • Producers • Screenwriters
World cinema World cinema is a term used primarily in English language speaking countries to refer to the films and film industries of non-English speaking countries. It is therefore often used interchangeably with the term foreign film. However, both world cinema and foreign film could be taken to refer to the films of all countries other than one's own,
Africa The term African cinema refers to film production in Africa, following formal independence, which for many countries happened in the 1960s. Some of the countries in North Africa had developed a national film industry much earlier and are related to West Asian cinema. Often, African Cinema also includes directors from among the African diaspora

Burkina Faso The Cinema of Burkina Faso is one of the more significant in Africa , with a history that spans several decades and includes the production of many award-winning films · Egypt Egyptian cinema is Egypt's flourishing Egyptian Arabic-language film industry based in Cairo. Since 1976, Cairo has held the annual Cairo International Film Festival, which has been accredited by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations. There is also another festival held in Alexandria. Of the more than 4,000 short- and feature- · Kenya Cinema of Kenya refers to the film industry of Kenya. Although a very small industry in western comparison, Kenya has produced or been a location for film since the early 1950s when Men Against the Sun was filmed in 1952. Although, in Hollywood, jungle epics that were set in the country were shot in Hollywood as early as the 1940s · Morocco Morocco knew cinema since 1897 through the filming of "Le chevrier Marocain" by Louis Lumière. Between that time and 1944, many foreign movies were shot in Morocco, especially in the Ouarzazate area. The following are the key dates in Moroccan cinema: · Niger Cinema in Niger grew from ethnographic documentaries in the colonial period to become one of the most active national film cultures in Francophone Africa. Filmmakers such as Oumarou Ganda, Moustapha Alassane, Mahamane Bakabé, Inoussa Ousseini and Moustapha Diop have had their work featured around the world. The Niamey African Film Meeting is one · Nigeria The cinema of Nigeria is a nascent film industry in Nigeria, growing quickly in the 1990s and 2000s to become the second largest film industry in the world in terms of number of films produced per year, ahead of the United States but behind the Indian film industries. According to Hala Gorani and Jeff Koinange formerly of CNN, Nigeria has a US$250 · Senegal The Cinema of Senegal is a relatively small film industry which experienced its prime from the 1960s through to the early 1980s, but has since declined to less than five feature films produced in the last ten years · Somalia Cinema of Somalia refers to the film industry in Somalia, a country in the Horn of Africa · South Africa Burkina Faso · Egypt · Kenya · Morocco · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Somalia · South Africa · Tunisia · Tunisia Cinema of Tunisia has been present since 1896, when the Lumière brothers began showing animated films in the streets of Tunis
Americas Burkina Faso · Egypt · Kenya · Morocco · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Somalia · South Africa · Tunisia

Argentina The Cinema of Argentina has a long tradition dating back to the late nineteenth century, and has played an important role in the Culture of Argentina for more than a century · Brazil A couple of months after the Lumière brothers' invention, a film exhibition is held in Rio de Janeiro. As early as 1898, the Italian Alfonso Segreto supposedly filmed the Guanabara Bay from the ship Brésil on a return journey from Europe, though some researchers question the veracity of this event as no copy of the film remains. He would go on · Canada Canadian cinema refers to filmmakers and the filmmaking industries in Canada. Canada is home to several film industry centres: primarily Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. Industries and communities tend to be regional and niche in nature. Approximately 970 Anglophone-Canadian feature-length films have been produced, or partially produced by the (Quebec The history of cinema in Quebec started on June 27, 1896 when the French Louis Minier inaugurated the first movie projection in North America in a Montreal theatre room. However, it would have to wait until the 1960s before a genuine Quebec cinema industry would emerge) · Chile The cinema of Chile began when the earliest films were made there in the first decade of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, it was not until the 1970s when the cinematic culture there developed, with the foundation of a national cinema and a department of experimental film at the University of Chile, which taught the Dutch film of Joris Ivens · Colombia The history of Colombian cinema started in 1897 when the first Cinématographe arrived in the country, two years after the invention of cinematography by Auguste and Louis Lumière in Paris. Back then the port city of Colón , Barranquilla, Bucaramanga and later arrived to the capital Bogotá where in August of that same year the cinématographe · Cuba Although cinema arrived at Cuba at the beginning of the 20th century and the island arrived early to the television phenomena and cinematographic production, only around 80 full-length films were produced before the Cuban Revolution of 1959, most of these films were melodramas. Following the revolution, Cuba entered what is considered the " · Haiti · Mexico The history of Mexican cinema goes back to the beginning of the 20th century, when several enthusiasts of the new medium documented historical events – most particularly the Mexican Revolution – and produced some movies that have only recently been rediscovered · Paraguay The Cinema of Paraguay is small compared to that of neighbouring Argentina and Brazil. However, this has begun to change in recent years with films like El Toque del Oboe , María Escobar (2002), O Amigo Dunor (2005) which competed for Best Movie in the Rotterdam International Film Festival and Hamaca Paraguaya (2006) which was screened at the · Peru While the Peruvian film industry has not been nearly as prolific as that of some other Latin American countries, such as Mexico or Argentina, some Peruvian movies produced with the cooperation of Mexican talent in the 1960s and 1970s, such as Bromas S.A., enjoyed regional success. More recently some bestselling novels by Peruvian author and talk · Puerto Rico The history of film in Puerto Rico begins with the US invasion of the island in 1898. At that time, the American soldiers brought cameras to record what they saw. It wasn't until the 1912 that Puerto Ricans would begin to produce their own films · United States The cinema of the United States has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. Its history is sometimes separated into four main periods: the silent film era, classical Hollywood cinema, New Hollywood, and the contemporary period . Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year · Uruguay The Cinema of Uruguay has a role in the Culture of Uruguay. The industry has many actors and directors that made the Uruguayan cinema a part of Latin American cinema · Latin America Latin American cinema refers collectively to the film output and film industries of Latin America. Latin American film is both rich and diverse. But the main centers of production have been Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba · Northern America The term North American cinema is generally used to refer collectively to the film industries of the United States and Canada. The term is cultural rather than geographic; the film industries of Mexico and Cuba are normally considered part of Latin American cinema
Asia Asian cinema refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Asia, and is also sometimes known as Eastern cinema. More commonly however, it is used to refer to the cinema of Eastern, Southeastern and Southern Asia. West Asian cinema is sometimes classified as part of Middle Eastern cinema rather than Asian cinema, though Iran
East Asia East Asian cinema is a term used to refer to the film industry and films produced in and/or by natives of East Asia. It can be seen as a sub-section of Asian cinema, which in turn is a sub-section of world cinema, a catchall term used in the English-speaking world to refer to all foreign language films

China The Chinese-language cinema has three distinct historical threads: Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China, and Cinema of Taiwan. After 1949 and until recent times, the cinema of mainland China operated under restrictions imposed by the Communist Party of China. Some films with political overtones are still censored or banned in China itself. However, · Hong Kong · Japan · Korea · Mongolia · Taiwan
South Asia

Afghanistan · Bangladesh (Bengal) · India (Andhra Pradesh · Assam · Bollywood · Karnataka · Kerala · Marathi · Gujarati · Orissa · Punjab · Tamil Nadu · West Bengal) · Nepal · Pakistan (Azad Kashmir · Karachi · Lahore · Peshawar · Sindh) · Sri Lanka (Jaffna)
Southeast Asia

Burma · Cambodia · Indonesia · Malaysia · Philippines · Singapore · Thailand · Vietnam
West Asia

Armenia · Azerbaijan · Cyprus · Georgia · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Jordan · Lebanon · Palestine · Saudi Arabia · Syria · Tajikistan · U.A.E.
Europe

Albania · Austria · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia · Moldova · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia (Russian Empire · Soviet Union) · Serbia · Slovakia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey · Ukraine · United Kingdom (Scotland · Wales) · Yugoslavia
Oceania

Australia · Fiji · New Zealand

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