Cinema of Latvia dates back to 1910 when the first short films were made.[1]. The first cinematic screening in Riga Riga (Latvian: Rīga, pronounced [riːɡa]) is the capital and largest city of Latvia, a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltics, and an important seaport, situated on the mouth of the Daugava. With 715,978 inhabitants (2009) it is the largest city of the Baltic states and third-largest in the Baltic region, took place on May 28, 1896. [2] By 1914 all major cities in Latvia had cinemas where newsreels, documentaries and mostly foreign made short films were screened.

Two years after cinema was invented by Lumiere brothers, on 22 January, 1898 Sergei Eisenstein Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein was a revolutionary Soviet Russian film director and film theorist noted in particular for his silent films Strike, Battleship Potemkin and October, as well as historical epics Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the Terrible. His work vastly influenced early filmmakers owing to his innovative use of and writings about montage was born in Riga Riga (Latvian: Rīga, pronounced [riːɡa]) is the capital and largest city of Latvia, a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltics, and an important seaport, situated on the mouth of the Daugava. With 715,978 inhabitants (2009) it is the largest city of the Baltic states and third-largest in the Baltic region,, the capital of Latvia nowadays.

The first Latvian feature film Lāčplēsis directed by Aleksandris Rusteikis was released in 1930. The Fisherman's Son (1939) directed by Emmy Award The Emmy Award, also known as the 'Emmy', is a television production award, similar in nature to the Peabody Awards but more focused on entertainment, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards , Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for stage) nominee (1975) [3] Vilis Lapenieks is considered a Latvian classic ending the era of filmmaking before the outbreak of WW II.[1]

After the Soviet occupation of Latvia The Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 refers, according to the European Court of Human Rights, the Government of Latvia, the State Department of the United States of America, and the European Union, to the military occupation of the Republic of Latvia by the Soviet Union ostensibly under the provisions of the 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with in 1940 Vilis Lapenieks emigrated and after the end of the war continued his film-making career abroad where he has been credited internationally as cinematographer on more than 63 titles.[4]

The Riga Documentary Film Studio was created in Latvia during the first year of Soviet occupation. During the first decades of Soviet rule filmmakers in Latvia were coming mostly from Soviet Russia creating propaganda films to depict the victory of Socialism.

After the death of Stalin in 1953 a more liberal period in Soviet Union's cultural policies followed. Filmmakers started to enjoy greater artistic control at the same time the Soviet State Committee for Cinematography (Goskino Goskino is the abbreviated name for the USSR State Committee for Cinematography (Государственный комитет по кинематографии СССР) in the Soviet Union and the State Committee of Russian Federation for Cinematography (Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по к) in Moscow provided the money, state censorship body Glavlit and CPSU Department of Culture had the control over releasing the movies.[1]

The first Latvain feature films produced during the era still had to meet the ideological requirements of the Soviet regime: The Story of a Latvian Rifleman (1957) directed by Pavels Armands and Tobago Changes Its Cource (1965) directed by Aleksandras Leimais were produced.

In 1963 the Riga Film Studio completed the construction of 1890 m2 film studios complex.[2]

In the 1970's Aleksandras Leimais and Gunārs Pieses became the most popular directors in Latvia making a series of historical adventure films. Put, vejini (Blow, Wind) (1973) directed by Pieses is a movie based on a story of Latvians popular author Jānis Streičs. Naves ena (In the Shadow of Death) (1971) is adopted from a story by Rudolfs Blaumanis. One of the most popular films from the era is Limuzīns Jāņu Nakts Krāsā (Limousine the Color of St. John's Night) (1981) , a light parody on the Soviet system [1]

Other most notable Latvian directors from the era are Aivars Freimanis, Rolands Kalnins and Andris Grinbergs. Latvias top film actors during the era were Eduards Pavuls, Lilita Berzina, Gunars Cilinskis and Karl Sebris.

After Latvia regained independence in 1991, the most successful Latvian filmmakers have been Janis Streics receiving Rights of the Child Award (1994) at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival for Cilveka berns (1991) [5]; Janis Putnins the winner of the Best Film and Best Screenplay at the Latvian National Film Festival in 2007 for Vogelfrei (2007) [6]; Varis Brasla whos Ziemassvetku jampadracis (1996) has won Children's Film Award at Würzburg International Filmweekend, the Children's Jury Award at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival. [7]; Aivars Freimanis a nominee for International Independent Award at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg[8]; Una Celma Honorable Mention at the Uppsala International Short Film Festival in 2001; [9]; Viesturs Kairiss whose debut feature film Pa celam aizejot (2001) won the Jury Prize at the Raindance Film Festival in 2002. [10]; and Laila Pakalnina, a winner of several film awards, a nominee for the Golden Berlin Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival The Berlin International Film Festival , also called the Berlinale, is one of the world's leading film festivals and most reputable media events held in Berlin, Germany. Founded in 1951, the festival has been celebrated annually in February since 1978. With 270,000 tickets sold and over 450,000 admissions it is considered the largest publicly- for Udens (2006). [11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Culture And Customs of the Baltic States By Kevin O'Connor
  2. ^ a b The most important dates in the film history of Latvia
  3. ^ Vilis Lapenieks awards at IMDB
  4. ^ Vilis Lapenieks @ IMDB
  5. ^ Janis Streicsawards at IMDB
  6. ^ Janis Putnins' awards at IMDB
  7. ^ Varis Brasla's awards at IMDB
  8. ^ Aivars Freimanis' awards at IMDB
  9. ^ Una Celma's awards at IMDB
  10. ^ Viesturs Kairiss' awards at IMDB
  11. ^ Laila Pakalnina awards at IMDB
World cinema World cinema is a term used primarily in English language speaking countries to refer to the films and film industries of non-English speaking countries. It is therefore often used interchangeably with the term Foreign film. However, both World cinema and Foreign film could be taken to refer to the films of all countries other than one's own,
Africa The term African cinema refers to film production in Africa, most often referring to countries in Sub-Saharan Africa[citation needed] following formal independence, which for many countries happened in the 1960s. Some of the countries in North Africa had developed a national film industry much earlier and are related to West Asian cinema. Often,

Burkina Faso · Egypt · Kenya · Morocco · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Somalia · South Africa
Americas
Latin America Latin American cinema refers collectively to the film output and film industries of Latin America. Latin American film is both rich and diverse. But the main centers of production have been Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba

Argentina · Brazil · Chile The cinema of Chile began when the earliest films were made there in the first decade of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, it was not until the 1970s when the cinematic culture there developed, with the foundation of a national cinema and a department of experimental film at the University of Chile, which taught the Dutch film of Joris Ivens · Colombia The Cinema of Colombia or Colombian Cinema (Spanish: Cine colombiano) refers to the historic evolution of cinematography in Colombia. The Colombian cinema has struggled to develop a solid industry throughout its history[citation needed]. During the beginning of the 20th century some production companies tried to maintain a level of constant · Cuba · Mexico · Paraguay · Peru While the Peruvian film industry has not been nearly as prolific as that of some other Latin American countries, such as Mexico or Argentina, some Peruvian movies produced with the cooperation of Mexican talent in the 1960s and 1970s, such as Bromas S.A., enjoyed regional success. More recently some bestselling novels by Peruvian author and talk · Puerto Rico The history of film in Puerto Rico begins with the US invasion of the island in 1898. At that time, the American soldiers brought cameras to record what they saw. It wasn't until the 1912 that Puerto Ricans would begin to produce their own films · Uruguay
Northern America The term North American cinema is generally used to refer collectively to the film industries of the United States and Canada. The term is cultural rather than geographic; the film industries of Mexico and Cuba are normally considered part of Latin American cinema

Canada (Quebec) · United States The cinema of the United States, also known as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. Its history is sometimes separated into four main periods: the silent film era, classical Hollywood cinema, New Hollywood, and the contemporary period . Since the 1920s, the American film industry had been
Asia Asian cinema refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Asia, and is also sometimes known as Eastern cinema. More commonly however, it is used to refer to the cinema of Eastern, Southeastern and Southern Asia. West Asian cinema is sometimes classified as part of Middle Eastern cinema rather than Asian cinema, though Iran
East Asia East Asian cinema is a term used to refer to the film industry and films produced in and/or by natives of East Asia. It can be seen as a sub-section of Asian cinema, which in turn is a sub-section of world cinema, a catchall term used in the English-speaking world to refer to all foreign language films

China The Chinese-language cinema has three distinct historical threads: Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China, and Cinema of Taiwan. After 1949 and until recent times, the cinema of mainland China operated under restrictions imposed by the Communist Party of China. Some films with political overtones are still censored or banned in China itself. However, · Hong Kong · Japan · Korea · Mongolia · Taiwan
South Asia South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives. The region of South Asia bears close cultural and religious ties with the regions of East Asia and South East Asia. Bollywood, of India's has occasionally been named the largest film industry in the world, but the

Afghanistan Cinema entered Afghanistan at the beginning of 20th century. The political changes of Afghanistan has not allowed the cinema of the country to grow over the years. However, numerous Pashto and Persian films have been made both inside and outside Afghanistan throughout the 20th century. Cinema of Afghanistan entered a new phase since 2001. Several · Bangladesh The Bangladeshi film industry has been based in Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka, since 1956. As of 2004, it produced approximately 100 movies a year, with an average movie budget of about 6,500,000 Bangladeshi taka. The film industry is sometimes known as Dallywood, a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood (Bengal Bengali cinema refers to the Bengali language filmmaking industries in the Bengal region of South Asia. There are two major filmmaking hubs in the region: one in Dhaka, Bangladesh and one in Kolkata, West Bengal, India) · India The Cinema of India consists of films produced across India, including the cinematic culture of Mumbai along with the cinematic traditions of provinces such as Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Indian films came to be followed throughout Southeast Asia and the Middle East—where modest dressing and subdued (Andhra Pradesh · Assam · Bollywood Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the Indian film industry. Bollywood is the largest film producer in India and one of the largest in the world. The name is a portmanteau of Bombay · Karnataka · Kerala · Marathi Marathi cinema is an Indian film industry in Marathi language, one of the oldest regional Indian film industries. The first Marathi talkie film, Ayodhyecha Raja (produced by Prabhat Films) was released in 1932, just one year after "Alam Ara" the first Indian (Hindi) talkie film. Marathi cinema has grown in recent years. The industry is · Orissa Oriya Film Industry or Ollywood refers to the Bhubaneswar and Cuttack based Oriya film industry in India. The origins of that name are disputed, called Ollywood a portmanteau of the words Oriya and Hollywood · Punjab · Tamil Nadu Tamil cinema is the Chennai–based Tamil language filmmaking industry of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, where several Tamil language feature films are produced, which has led to a colloquial reference to it as Kollywood (Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ), a portmanteau of the · West Bengal) · Nepal The Himalayan country of Nepal does not have a very long film history, but the industry has its own place in the cultural heritage of Nepal. Most Nepali films use Bollywood-style songs and narrative, and are shot on 16-millimeter film. In film industry parlance, Kathmandu, the capital and center of the Nepali-language film industry, is called · Pakistan (Karachi Cinema in Karachi or Kariwood had its golden days in 1960s when some of the prominent film studios were located in Karachi, making films for the viewership of a large and growing working-class population · Lahore Lollywood refers to the Pakistani film industry based in the city of Lahore. The name is a portmanteau of the city's initial with Hollywood. The word "Lollywood" was first coined in the summer of 1989 in the now defunct magazine "Glamour" published from Karachi by a gossip columnist Saleem Nasir. Sameena Jaffry was the editor · Peshawar Pollywood is the popular term for the film industry based in the city of Peshawar, the provincial capital of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan) · Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa. Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language
Southeast Asia Southeast Asian cinema refers to the film industry and films produced in, and/or by natives of, Southeast Asia. By definition, it describes any films produced in Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam

Burma The Cinema of Burma has a long history dating back to the 1910s. The person who created the first silent film was U Ohn Maung (Burma's first producer and director). He is known today as Burma's "film father" · Cambodia · Indonesia · Malaysia · Philippines · Singapore Despite having a flourishing Chinese and Malay film industry in the 1950s and 1960s, Singapore's film industry declined after independence in 1965. However, there were a few films featuring Singaporean actors and set in Singapore, including Saint Jack and They Call Her Cleopatra Wong. However, most of these did not get released in Singapore and · Thailand · Vietnam
West Asia West Asian cinema refers collectively to the film output and film industries of the West Asia

Armenia · Azerbaijan · Cyprus · Georgia · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Lebanon · Palestine · Saudi Arabia · Syria · Tajikistan · Turkey · U.A.E. The Cinema of the United Arab Emirates is minimal. There is only one Emirati film as of 2007,[citation needed] Al-Hilm, about a group of frustrated actors/directors wandering aimlessly in the desert. However there are a large number of short films from the country . In addition the UAE is a popular filming location for Bollywood films
Europe Cinema of Europe refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Europe. Some notable European film movements include German Expressionism, Italian neorealism, French New Wave, Polish Film School, New German Cinema, Portuguese Cinema Novo, Czechoslovak New Wave, Dogme 95, New French Extremity, and Romanian New Wave. The cinema

Albania · Austria · Belgium The Cinema of Belgium can often be considered a blending of Dutch Cinema and French Cinema though with its own unique national qualities · Bulgaria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia Cinema in Estonia started in 1896 when the first "moving pictures" were screened in Tallinn. The first movie theater was opened in 1908. First local documentary was made in 1908 with the production of a newsreel about Swedish King Gustav V’s visit to Tallinn. The first Estonian documentary was created by Johannes Pääsuke in 1912 that · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Germany · Greece In the spring of 1897, the Greeks of Athens had the opportunity and privilege to watch the first cinematic attempts . The projection of an animated movie resulted in excited reactions and the new-seen spectacle became a usual matter of discussion. 1906 was the birth year of the Greek Cinema when brothers John and Miltiades Manakia started · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia · Moldova · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia (Russian Empire In April 1896, just four months after the first films were shown in Paris, the first cinematic apparatus appeared in Russia. The first films seen in the Russian Empire were via the Lumière brothers, in Moscow and St. Petersburg in May 1896. In the same month, the first film was shot in Russia, by Lumière cameraman Camille Cerf, a record of the · Soviet Union) · Serbia · Slovakia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Ukraine · United Kingdom (Scotland · Wales) · Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had an internationally acclaimed film industry. Prominent male actors included Danilo Bata Stojković, Ljuba Tadić, Bekim Fehmiu, Fabijan Šovagović, Mustafa Nadarević, Bata Živojinović, Boris Dvornik, Ljubiša Samardžić, Dragan Nikolić and Rade Šerbedžija, while Milena Dravić, Neda Arnerić,
Oceania Oceanian cinema refers collectively to the film output and film industries of Oceania

Australia · Fiji · New Zealand

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