Palestinian The Palestinian people, also referred to as Palestinians or Palestinian Arabs (Arabic: الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn; Arabic: العرب الفلسطينيون, al-`Arab al-filasTīnīyyūn), are an Arabic-speaking people with family origins in Palestine. The total Palestinian population is estimated at approximately 12 million, cinema is relatively young in comparison to Arab cinema as a whole, many Palestinian movies are made with European and Israeli funding and support.[1] Palestinian movies are not exclusively produced in Arabic Arabic (العربية al-ʿarabīyah, ( Arabic pronunciation ) or عربي ʿarabī) is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages. Arabic has more speakers than any other language in the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million and some are made in English, French and Hebrew.[2] It is believed that there have been over 800 films produced about Palestinians, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is the ongoing dispute between Israelis and Palestinians, an enduring and explosive conflict. The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is also used in reference to the earlier phases of the same conflict, between Jewish and Zionist yishuv and the majority Arab population living in Palestine under Ottoman or, and other related topics.[3]
Contents |
History
The first period: The beginning, 1935-48
The first Palestinian film to be made is generally believed to be a documentary on King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia Abdul Aziz Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: عبد العزيز آل سعود) was the first monarch of The Third Saudi State known as Saudi Arabia. Of his full name Abdul Aziz bin Abdur Rahman Al Saud, he was commonly referred to as ibn Saud´s visit in 1935 to Palestine The British Mandate for Palestine, also known as the Palestine Mandate and the British Mandate of Palestine, was a legal instrument for the administration of Palestine formally approved by the League of Nations in June 1922, based on a draft by the principal Allied and associated powers after the First World War. The mandate formalised British, made by Ibrahim Hassan Sirhan, based in Jaffa Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ, Yāfō ; Arabic: يَافَا, Yāfā (help·info); Latin: Joppe; also Japho, Joppa as transliteration from the Greek "Ιόππη") is an ancient port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world. Jaffa is now part of Tel Aviv which is why the city's full name is Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel[4](also spelled Ibrahim Hasan Serhan.[5]) Sirhan followed the King and around Palestine, "from Lod Lod is a city located on the Sharon Plain 15 kilometers (9 mi) southeast of Tel Aviv in the Center District of Israel. At the end of 2007, it had a population of 67,000, roughly 80 percent Jewish and 20 percent Arab to Jaffa Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ, Yāfō ; Arabic: يَافَا, Yāfā (help·info); Latin: Joppe; also Japho, Joppa as transliteration from the Greek "Ιόππη") is an ancient port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world. Jaffa is now part of Tel Aviv which is why the city's full name is Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel and from Jaffa to Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually referred to as Tel Aviv, is the second-largest city in Israel, with an estimated population of 393,900. The city is situated on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline, with a land area of 51.4 square kilometres (19.8 sq mi). It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, home to 3.2 million". The result was a silent movie A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially spoken dialogue. In entertainment silent films the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, pantomime and title cards. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, that was presented at the Nabi Rubin festivals. Following this documentary, Sirhan joined Jamal al-Asphar to produce a 45-minute film called The Realized Dreams, aiming to "promote the orphans´cause". Sirhan and al-Asphar also produced a documentary about Ahmad Hilmi Pasha, a member of the Higher Arab Commission.[6][7] In 1945 Sirhan established the "Arab Film Company" production studio together with Ahmad Hilmi al-Kilani. The company launched the feature film Holiday Eve, which was followed by preparations for the next film A Storm at Home. The films themselves were lost in 1948, when Sirhan had to flee Jaffa after the town was bombarded.[8]
The second period: The epoch of silence, 1948-67
The Naqba of 1948 had a devastating effect on the Palestinian society, including its nascent film industry. Cinematic endeavours, requiring infrastructure, professional crews, and finance, nearly ceased for two decades.[9] Individual Palestinian participated in the film-production of neighbouring countries. It is reported that Sirhan was involved with the production of the first Jordanian feature film, The Struggle in Jarash, (1957), and another Palestinian, Abdallah Ka´wash, directed the second Jordanian feature film, My Homeland, My Love, in 1964.[10]
The third period: Cinema in exile, 1968-82
After 1967 Palestinian cinema was founded under the auspices of the PLO, funded by Fatah Fataḥ (also known as Fateh) is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multi-party confederation. In Palestinian politics it is on the left-wing of the spectrum; it is mainly nationalist, although not predominantly socialist. Its main goal, as stated in Article 12 of the and other Palestinian organisations like PFLP The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn) is a Palestinian Marxist national liberation movement, founded in 1967. It has consistently been the second-largest of the groups forming the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and DFLP The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: 'الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين', transliterated Al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiya Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist, secular political and military organization. It is also frequently referred to as the Democratic Front, or al-Jabha al-. More than 60 films were made in this period, mostly documentaries. The first film festival dedicated to Palestinian films was held in Baghdad Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a municipal population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt) in 1973, and Baghdad also hosted the next two Palestinian film festivals, in 1976 and 1980.[11] Mustafa Abu Ali was one of the early Palestinian film directors, and he helped found the Palestinian Cinema Association in Beirut Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2.1 million as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline with the Mediterranean sea, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan Area, which consists of the city and its suburbs. The first mention in 1973. Only one dramatic movie was made during the period, namely The return to Haifa in 1982, an adaptation of a short novel by Ghassan Kanafani. [12]
The film archives disappearance, 1982
The different organisations set up archives for Palestinian films. The largest such archive was run by PLO's Film Foundation/Palestinian Film Unit. In 1982, when the PLO was forced out of Beirut, the archive was in storage (in the Red Crescenty Hospital), from where it "disappeared" under circumstances which are still unclear.[13]
The fourth period: The return home, from 1980 to the present
The 1996 drama A drama film is a film genre that depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with emotional themes. Dramatic themes such as alcoholism, drug addiction, racial prejudice, religious intolerance, poverty, crime and corruption put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and even natural phenomena/comedy Comedy film is a genre of film in which the main emphasis is on humor. Also, films in this style typically have a happy ending . One of the oldest genres in film, some of the very first silent movies were comedies. Comedy, unlike other film genres, puts much more focus on individual stars, with many former stand-up comic transitioning to the film Chronicle of a Disappearance received international critical acclaim,[14] and it became the first Palestinian movie to receive national release in the United States.[15] A break-out film for its genre, it won a "New Director's Prize" at the Seattle International Film Festival The Seattle International Film Festival , held annually in Seattle, Washington, is the largest film festival in North America, and among the top film festivals in the world. Audiences have grown steadily; the 2006 festival had 160,000 attendees. SIFF runs for more than three weeks (24 days) in May-June, and features a diverse assortment of and a "Luigi De Laurentiis Award" at the Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice, Italy. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del.[16] Notable film directors in this period are especially[17]:
An international effort was launched in 2008 to reopen Cinema Jenin, a cinema located in the Jenin Jenin (Arabic: جنين ; Hebrew: ג'נין), is a Palestinian city located in the northern West Bank. It serves as the administrative center of the Jenin Governorate and is a major agricultural center for the surrounding towns. In 2007, the city had a population of 120,004 not including the adjacent refugee camp (also named Jenin) with 35,37 Refugee Camp.
In 2008, three Palestinian feature films and an estimated eight shorts were completed, more than ever before.[18]
Notable directors
- Hany Abu-Assad
- Mustafa Abu Ali
- Mohammed Bakri
- Tarek Al Eryan
- Annemarie Jacir
- Michel Khleifi
- Rashid Masharawi
- Mai Masri
- Montaser Marai
- Rosalind Nashashibi
- Ali Nassar
Notable films
The Alhamra Cinema, Jaffa Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ, Yāfō ; Arabic: يَافَا, Yāfā (help·info); Latin: Joppe; also Japho, Joppa as transliteration from the Greek "Ιόππη") is an ancient port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world. Jaffa is now part of Tel Aviv which is why the city's full name is Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel, 1937, bombed December 1947,[19] Main article: List of Palestinian films- They Don't Exist[1]
- Wedding in Galilee (1987) (International Critics Prize, Cannes The Cannes Film Festival , founded in 1946, is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious film festivals. The private festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès, in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of France),
- Chronicle of a Disappearance (1996) (“Luigi De Laurentiis” Award for a Debut Film at the 1996 Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice, Italy. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del)
- Divine Intervention (2002).
- Olive Harvest, The (2003)
- Arna's Children (2003)
- Women in Struggle (2004)
- Paradise Now. (2006) (Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film winner)
- The Color of Olives (2006)
- Iron Wall (2006)
- Goal Dreams (2006)
- First Picture (2006)
- Maria's Grotto (2007) (Silver Muhr Award, Dubai International Film Festival)
- Salt of this Sea (2008)
- Taste the Revolution (2008)
- The View (2008) (Best Short Film ($75,000) , Middle East International Film Festival)
- Till When? (2008) (Officially selected in Cergy Pontoise Film Festival in Paris,Honorable Mention in Digicon 6 Festival in Tokyo)
- cup final (1991) takes place during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
Notable film festivals
- Boston Palestine Film Festival
- Chicago Palestine Film Festival
- London Palestine Film Festival
- Al-Kasaba International Film Festival [2], in Ramallah Ramallah (Arabic: رام الله Rāmallāh) (literally "Height of God") is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank adjacent to al-Bireh with a population of nearly 25,500. Ramallah is located 10 kilometers (6 miles) north[citation needed] of Jerusalem and currently serves as the administrative capital of the Palestinian National, West Bank The West Bank is a landlocked territory and is the eastern part of the Palestinian territories; on the west bank of the Jordan River in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south, the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel. To the east, across the Jordan River, lies the country of Jordan. The West Bank also contains a significant
See also
References
- ^ 'We have no film industry because we have no country' April 12, 2006, The Guardian The Guardian is a British national daily newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Founded in 1821, it is unique among major British newspapers in being owned by a foundation (the Scott Trust, via the Guardian Media Group). It is known for its left-of-centre political stance. At the 2010 election it supported the Liberal Democrats
- ^ Palestine Film Foundation
- ^ Palestinian Revolution Cinema Comes to NYC, by Emily Jacir 16 February 2007, The Electronic Intifada
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 13
- ^ Dabashi (2006), p. 9
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 13
- ^ Khaled Elayya: A Brief History of Palestinian Cinema, This week in Palestine
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 13-14
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 19
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 20
- ^ Joseph Massad: The weapon of Culture: Cinema in the Palestinian liberation struggle. Ch . 2 in Dabashi (2006), p. 33, 36
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 20-30
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 28-30
- ^ Chronicle of a Disappearance. All Movie Guide. Accessed June 7, 2009.
- ^ Chronicle of a Disappearance. ArtForum The magazine is published ten times a year, September through May, along with an annual summer issue. Characterized by its 10½ inch square format, with each cover devoted to the work of a single artist, the magazine is widely known as a decisive voice in its field.[citation needed]. Summer, 1997.
- ^ Awards for Chronicle of a Disappearance. Imdb.com The Internet Movie Database is an online database of information related to movies, television shows, actors, production crew personnel, video games, and most recently, fictional characters featured in visual entertainment media. IMDb launched on October 17, 1990, and in 1998 was acquired by Amazon.com Accessed June 7, 2009.
- ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 30-34
- ^ Palestinian filmmakers beat the odds to hit silver screen April 22, 2009, CNN Cable News Network, almost always referred to by its initialism CNN, is a U.S. cable news channel founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television channel in the United States. While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily
- ^ List of Irgun attacks
Further reading
- Rapfogel, Jared: A Report of Dreams of a Nation - A Palestinian Film Festival, January 24-27, 2003, Senses of Cinema.
- Palestinian film festival planned, 18 May, 2004, BBC The British Broadcasting Corporation is the largest broadcasting organisation in the world. Its global headquarters are located in London and its main responsibility is to provide public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. The BBC is an autonomous public service broadcaster that operates under a Royal
- Dabashi, Hamid Hamid Dabashi is an Iranian-American intellectual historian, cultural critic and literary theorist who has studied Iran, world cinema and Shi'a Islam from a postcolonial perspective. He is the Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Iranian Studies and Comparative Literature at Columbia University in New York City, the oldest Chair in Iranian Studies: For a Fistful of Dust: A Passage to Palestine, 23 - 29 September 2004, Al-Ahram Al-Ahram , founded in 1875, is the most widely circulating Egyptian daily newspaper, and the second oldest after Al-Waqae'a Al-Masreya (English: The Egyptian Events, founded 1828). It is majority owned by the Egyptian government
- Film Jan. 14, 2006, IMEU,
- Kemp, Rebecca: “Interviews with Palestinian Filmmakers”, 6 Degrees Film, Fall 2006
- Rastegar, Kamran, "Palestine Only Exists in Cinema", Bidoun Magazine, Issue 8, Vol. 1, Fall 2006
- Provan, Alexander (February 2007). "Requesting Permission to Narrate: Dreams of a Nation: On Palestinian Cinema". Stop Smiling Magazine. http://stopsmilingonline.com/features_detail.html?id1=754. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
- Annemarie Jacir: Coming Home: Palestinian Cinema, 27 February 2007, The Electronic Intifada
- Khaled Elayya: A Brief History of Palestinian Cinema, This week in Palestine
- Khadija Habshneh: Palestinian Revolution Cinema, This week in Palestine
- Nana Asfour: Reclaiming Palestine, One Film at a Time, Cineaste Magazine, Vol. XXXIV, No. 3, Summer 2009
External links
- Dreams of a Nation, an independent project founded to provide resources and information on Palestinian cinema. Based at Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, and is the 5th oldest in the United States making it one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Columbia's, USA ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language.
- Palestinian Film: News and Reviews at IMEU.net
- Review of a film that explores the story of the lost archives of the PLO film unit
- History and Trends in Palestinian Filmmaking
Literature
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alhambra Cinema |
- Dabashi, Hamid Hamid Dabashi is an Iranian-American intellectual historian, cultural critic and literary theorist who has studied Iran, world cinema and Shi'a Islam from a postcolonial perspective. He is the Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Iranian Studies and Comparative Literature at Columbia University in New York City, the oldest Chair in Iranian Studies, and Said, Edward Edward Wadie Saïd was a Palestinian-American literary theorist and advocate for Palestinian rights. He was University Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University and a founding figure in postcolonialism. Robert Fisk described him as the Palestinians' "most powerful political voice." (preface) (2006): Dreams Of A Nation: On Palestinian Cinema, Verso Books, London, United Kingdom, ISBN 1844670880
- Gertz, Nurith; Khleifi, George (2008): Palestinian Cinema: Landscape, Trauma, and Memory, Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253220076
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Categories: Cinema by region | Palestinian arts | Palestinian film | Fertile Crescent
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